Some advantages are driving up demand for gas power plants. Natural gas is used as a fuel, and synthetic gas may be used in other fuels. As in steam power plants, which use water and steam mixtures as operating fluids, air mixtures are used as a derived fluid in gas turbine power plants. A jet engine has a turbine on one side and a compressor on the other, and air enters the compressor, is mixed with fuel, ignited, and then exits the turbine. Is the turbine using a generator to convert pressure and velocity into electric power?
A significant issue in the operation of gas turbine power plants is that the temperature of the ejected fuel is 400-500 ° C, which can cause atmospheric pollution and waste a lot of energy. Because of this energy waste, the efficiency of common gas turbine power plants and open-cycle gas turbines is around 20-25%, which is less than their capacity; even steam turbines have a higher capacity.
The compressor and turbine share a common shaft. The compressor drives and compresses the air at 15-30 bar, then the fuel is mixed, and the energy is converted when this mixture passes through the gas turbine at high pressure. The energy required to drive the compressor is channeled through the turbine from the same shaft to the compressor, implying that the compressor uses the majority of the energy and the turbine uses the remainder. There are three stages to the compressor: low-pressure compressor, intermediate-pressure compressor, and high-pressure compressor.
A compressor is the inverse of a gas turbine. The turbine uses kinetic energy and converts it to rotational kinetic energy; however, the compressor uses rotational kinetic energy to convert it to the potential energy of the air and fuel mixture.
Major Parts of Gas Turbine Power Plant
Gas Turbine
A gas turbine converts the kinetic energy of hot gases into rotational energy to power a synchronous generator. It is divided into three phases: high pressure, intermediate pressure, and low pressure. Because the combustion process occurs in the turbines, the cooling process occurs here as well to protect the blade from melting. The majority of the time, cold fluid is constantly flowing through the blade.
Compressor
It is mounted on a single shaft and compresses and distributes normal air to the combustion chamber. It also has multiple stages to increase efficiency, including a low-pressure phase, an intermediate pressure phase, and a high-pressure phase.
Combustion chamber
Here, compressed air is recorded and mixed with fuel. It is then ignited here, causing a rise in temperature and pressure. The temperature can reach 1400 ° C. At this extremely high temperature, nitrogen can combine with oxygen to form nitrogen oxide, but the process is controlled so that all oxygen is used in the combustion process.
Auxiliaries for Operation
Assisting in the operation of a gas turbine power plant, various starting equipment, fuel systems, oil systems, and lubrication pumps are available, but they are not our primary focus.
Methods for Increasing the Efficiency of a Gas Turbine Power Plant
There are two methods for increasing the efficiency of an open-cycle gas turbine power plant:
- Gas Turbine Power Plant Combined Cycle
- Gas Turbine Power Plant Integrated Gasification Cycle
Gas Turbine Power Plant Combined Cycle
Heat recovery steam generators use exhaust waste. The main turbines are gas turbines, whose exhaust is used by the heat recovery steam generator to generate steam and power the steam turbine. So there are two turbines and two synchronous generators in a single unit. It is possible to increase efficiency by 50-60%.
Gas Turbine Power Plant Integrated Gasification Cycle
When fuel is unavailable, another fuel is gasified; boilers (gasifiers) are used to partially burn low-quality coal, waste material, or biomass. The hot gases produced after gasification are CO, H2, and CO2, which are used.
Thermodynamic Cycle of Gas Turbine Power Plant
The Breton bicycle is used to power gas turbines. Gas-turbine power plants account for 25% of global energy production. This percentage will rise if the use of fossil fuels reduces energy production. The efficiency of the open cycle can be increased by up to 38%. Small-scale gas turbines can generate 35-45 MW of energy.
Open Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant
It is referred to as an open-cycle gas turbine if the exhaust expands into the atmosphere; the exhaust energy cannot be recovered. The exhaust wastes 50-55% of the energy.
Combined Cycle Gas Power Plant
Is a combined cycle in which exhaust gases are converted into steam and their energy is recovered and used. Larger gas turbines have lower efficiency, but modern research has increased their efficiency up to 38.7% while also increasing the size of their unit. Previously, 50 MW gas turbine units were used, but units up to 265 MW can now be used.
The inlet and outlet temperatures of the turbine part determine the efficiency of a gas turbine plant. The inlet temperature is between 1400 and 1600 degrees Celsius, and the exit temperature is around 400 degrees Celsius. As a result of the temperature difference, efficiency is reduced. If high-quality materials are used in the future, the temperature of the combustion chamber may be raised, increasing our overall efficiency.
Choice of Fuel in Gas Turbine Power Plant
The following is the fuel selection in a gas turbine power plant. Gas turbines are designed based on the properties of the fuel gas. Only then can designers guarantee the turbine’s proper operation.
The design of the combustion chamber is critical for efficiency. Temperature and pressure are also continuously monitored.
Advantages of Gas Turbine Power Plant
The following are the applications of the Gas Turbine Power Plant.
- Their popularity has grown over time (roughly 90% in the United States).
- They are now used as standard prime movers in a wide range of industrial applications.
- Most effective at converting fossil fuels to energy.
- Turbine output 35-265mw, power efficiency 38%.
- Small in size and emits no harmful gases.
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